Imaging Drugs in the Brain --- Fall 2010 Syllabus  --- ENAS 880 / NSCI 532  ----   Yale University
day  date class # Topic Author Journal Year
key: Lecture (L):
Methodology paper (MP):
Application paper (AP):
Other reading material (OR):
Tues  7-Sep 1   Overview, course organization, expectaions          
Lecture 1:   Intro to PET/dynamic data/functional imaging <-- (right click to download ppt file)
Examples
Good overview paper to read before coming to first class Imaging the Addicted Brain Fowler et al. Science & Practice Perspectives 2007
Tues  14-Sep 2  (L): Receptors/receptor tracers/kinetic models          
(MP):
A Quantitative Model for the In Vivo Assessment of Drug Binding Sites with Positron Emission Tomography Mintun et al. Ann Neurol 1984
papers to be discussed this week -->  (AP): Imaging Dopamine Receptors in the Human Brain by Positron Tomography.  Wagner et al   Science 1983
(OR): Quantitative analysis of D2 dopamine receptor binding in the living human brain by PET Farde L, Hall H, Ehrin E, et al Science 1986   231: 258-61
Tues  21-Sep 3  (L): Displacement of tracers by neurotransmitters          
(MP):
Effects of endogenous dopamine on measures of [18F]N-methylspiroperidol binding in the basal ganglia: Comparison of simulations and experimental results from PET studies in baboons.    Logan et al  Synapse 1993
papers to be discussed this week -->  (AP): Evidence for Striatal Dopamine Release During a Video Game Koepp et al, Nature 1998 vol 393
(OR): In vivo imaging of neuromodulation using PET: Optimal ligand characteristics and task length for detection of activation  Morris et al, Human Brain Mapping 1995
Tues  28-Sep 4  (L): Intro to Equilibrium Kinetics: Bolus vs Bolus/Infusion          
(AP):
Nicotine-induced dopamine release in primates measured with [11C]raclopride PET. Marenco et al Neuro-psychopharm   2004 29(2):259-68
papers to be discussed this week -->  (MP): PET physiological measurements using constant infusion. Carson Nuc Med Biol 2000 657-60
(OR): Measurement of dopamine release with continuous infusion of [11C]raclopride: optimization and signal-to-noise considerations  Watabe J Nucl Med 2000 Mar;41(3):522-30
Review article
Tues  5-Oct 5  (L): Nicotine self administration, monkeys, receptors          
this paper is referred to by the latter LeFoll paper: --> (MP): Validation of an Extracerebral Reference Region Approach for the Quantification of Brain Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Squirrel Monkeys with PET and 2-18F-Fluoro-A-85380 LeFoll et al J Nucl Med 2007 48:1492–1500
papers to be discussed this week -->
 (AP):
Social dominance in monkeys: dopamine D2 receptors and cocaine self-administration Morgan et al Nature Neurosci 2002 5(2) 169:174
(OR): Baseline Expression of a4b2* Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Predicts Motivation to Self-administer nicotine LeFoll et al Biol Psychiatry 2009 65:714-716
Review article PET Imaging of Dopamine D2 Receptors in Monkey Models of Cocaine Abuse:Genetic Predisposition Versus Environmental Modulation Nader and Czoty Am J Psychiatry 2005 162:1473-1482
               
Tues  12-Oct 6  (L): Glucose Utilization and FDG imaging with PET          
interview with Lou Sokoloff (video) (MP): The [14C]deoxyglucose method for the measurement of local cerebral glucose utilization: theory, procedure, and normal values in the conscious and anesthetized albino rat. Sokoloff et al  J Neruochem 1977 28(5):897-916
later review of the classic Fluorine- 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose PET to Determine regional cerebral glucose utilization - a re-examination Schmidt, Lucignani and Sokoloff J Nucl Med 1996 37: 394-399
 (AP):
Cocaine-Induced Reduction of Glucose Utilization in Human Brain  London et al Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990
(OR): The effects of cocaine: A shifting target over the course of addiction  Porrino Progress in Neuro-Psychopharm & Biol Psych 2007
Tues  19-Oct 7  (L): Nicotine/Smoking PET & SPECT part a part b        
(MP):
 (AP):
beta2-Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor availability during acute and prolonged abstinence from tobacco smoking. Cosgrove et al Arch Gen Psychiatry 2009 Jun;66(6):666-76
   (AP): Smoking-induced ventral striatum dopamine release. Brody et al Am J Psychiatry 2004 Jul;161(7):1211-8.
these 3 papers are similar - lets compare designs and results re DA  (AP): The hedonic response to cigarette smoking is proportional to dopamine release in the human striatum as measured by positron emission tomography and [11C]raclopride. Barret et al Synapse 2004 Nov;54(2):65-71.
 (AP): Smoking Modulation of mu-Opioid and Dopamine D2 Receptor-Mediated Neurotransmission in Humans  Scott Neuropsychopharm 2007
(OR): Pharmacology of nicotine: addiction, smoking-induced disease, and therapeutics. Benowitz NL. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2009 49:57-71
another review  In vivo brain imaging of human exposure to nicotine and tobacco Sharma and Brody in NIC PHARM
Tues  26-Oct 8  (L): Alcohol/Cues/Drinking/Reward          
possibly some tidbits here - not overly relevant but perhaps a good introductory article (MP): Positron emission tomography--a tool for identifying the effects of alcohol dependence on the brain. Wong et al Alcohol Res Health 2003 27(2):161-73
 
 (AP):
Sex Differences in Striatal Dopamine Release in Young Adults After Oral Alcohol Challenge: A Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Study With [11C]Raclopride Urban et al Biol Psychiatry 2010 689-96
these 3 papers are similar - lets compare designs and results re DA (AP): When What You See Isn’t What You Get: Alcohol Cues, Alcohol Administration, Prediction Error, and Human Striatal Dopamine Yoder et al ACER 2009 Special Guests!
(AP): Alcohol promotes dopamine release in the human nucleus accumbens. Boileau Synapse 2003 49(4):226-31.
 
Tues 2-Nov 9  (L): Sex Differences / Drugs / Imaging  
(MP):
   (AP):
(OR): Evolving knowledge of sex differences in brain structure, function, and chemistry Cosgrove Biol Psychiatry 2007 847-55
(AP):
Sex differences in amphetamine-induced... Riccardi A J Psychiatry 2006 163:1639
papers to be discussed this week --> (AP): Sex differences in striatal dopamine release in ... Munro Biol Psychiatry 2006 59:966
 (AP): Dopaminergic network differences in human impulsivity Buckholtz Science 2010 329:532
(Suppl): Dopaminergic network ... (Online material) Buckholtz Science 2010 329:532
Tues  9-Nov 10  (L): Serotonin/Tryptophan Depletion          
(OR): Effects of endogenous neurotransmitters on the in vivo binding of dopamine and 5-HT radiotracers in mice Rice Neuropsychopharm 2001
 (AP):
Comparison of [18F]altanserin for PET inaging of serotonin (2A) reeptors in baboon brain: pharmacological studies Staley Nucl Med Biol 2001
papers to be discussed this week -->  (AP): 5-HT(1A) receptor imaging in the human brain: effect of tryptophan depletion and infusion on [(18)F]MPPF binding Udo de Haes Synapse 2002
 (AP): Effects of reduced endogenous 5-HT on the in vivo binding of the serotonin transporter radiolaigand 11C-DASB in healthy humans Talbot Synapse 2005
Tues  16-Nov   (Eearly) FALL RECESS - NO CLASS            
Tues 23-Nov   Fall Recess (really!) No Class            
Tues  30-Nov 11  (L): Modeling Neurocircuitry with PET: Role of Dopamine in Cocaine Abuse          
Review:
Imaging dopamine’s role in drug abuse and addiction Volkow et al Neuropharmacology 2009 56(Suppl 1): 3–8
(AP): Elevated Striatal Dopamine Transporters During Acute Cocaine Abstinence as Measured by [123I]b-CIT SPECT Malison et al Am J Psychiatry 1998 155:832:834
papers to be discussed this week -->  (AP): Amphetamine-induced dopamine release: markedly blunted in cocaine dependence and predictive of the choice to self-administer cocaine. Martinez D,et al. Am J Psychiatry 2007 Apr;164(4):622-9.
(OR): Increased Occupancy of Dopamine Receptors in Human Striatum during Cue-Elicited Cocaine Craving Wong et al Neuropsychopharmacology 2006 31, 2716–2727
 
Tues  7-Dec 12  (L): Drug Development/Receptor Occupancy          
EXTRA
The slow and long-lasting blockade of dopamine transporters in human brain induced by the new antidepressant drug radafaxine predict poor reinforcing effects.  Volkow et al Biol Psych 2005   
papers to be discussed this week -->  (AP): Dopmine D2 receptor occupancy by perospirone... Arakawa et al  J Clin Psychopharm 2010
(AP): Striatal and extrastriatal D2/D3 receptor binding properties of Ziprasidone Vernaleken et al Psychopharm 2008
Review: Approaches using molecular imaging... PET in Clinical microdose studies Wagner Adv Drug Deliv Reviews 2010  
Tues  14-Dec FINAL EXAM
 
Reference Books                
(some of these may be available in the  Yale Online catalogue)
Imaging in Drug Discovery and Early Clinical Trials Rudin Birkhauser 2005  
Nicotine Psychopharmacology (NIC PHARM) Henningfield et al Springer 2009
Methods in Alcohol-Related Neuroscience Research Liu & Lovinger CRC 2002
Brain Mapping, The Methods Toga, Mazzziota Academic 2002  
Introduction to Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Buxton Cambridge 2002
functional MRI Moonen Springer 1999
Quantitative MRI of the Brain Tofts Wiley 2003
Introduction to the Science of Medical Imaging Bryan Cambridge 2010
Review articles for Background Reading 
Imaging Modalities: principles and information content T Schaeffter in "Imaging in Drug Discovery …" 2005 17-81
Dopamine in drug abuse and addiction: results from imaging studies and treatment implications Volkow et al Molecular Psychiatry 2004 9, 557–569
to be rescheduled:     SPECT             
 (L): Applications of SPECT imaging of dopaminergic neurotransmission in neuropsychiatric disorders. Kugaya A, Fujita M, Innis RB. Ann Nucl Med. 2000 Feb;14(1):1-9
(MP): SPECT imaging of striatal dopamine release after amphetamine challenge. Laruelle et al. J Nucl Med 1995 Jul;36(7):1182-90
 (AP): Behavioral changes and [123I]IBZM equilibrium SPECT measurement of amphetamine-induced dopamine release in rhesus monkeys exposed to subchronic amphetamine. Castner SA et al Neuropsychopharmacology   2000 Jan;22(1):4-13.
(OR): Positron and Single Photon Emission Tomography: Principles and applications in psychopharmacology Malison et al      
to be rescheduled:     fMRI        
 (L): selections from Buxton  
(MP): Association of nicotine addiction and nicotine's actions with separate cingulate cortex functional circuits Hong et al. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2009 66(4):431-41
 (AP): Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Cigarette Smoking Azizian et al in "Nicotine Psychopharmacology" 2009 113-143
 
to be rescheduled:              
 (L): Cocaine Abuse        
(MP): Euphorigenic doses ofcocaine reduce [123I] beta-CIT SPECT measures of dopamine transporter availability in human cocaine addicts Malison RT, Best SE, Wallace EA, et al.  Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1995   122: 358-62
 (AP): Amphetamine-induced dopamine release: markedly blunted in cocaine dependence and predictive of the choice to self-administer cocaine. Martinez D,et al. Am J Psychiatry 2007 Apr;164(4):622-9.
(OR): Cocaine abuse and sensitization of striatal dopamine transmission: a critical review of the preclinical and clinical imaging literature. Narendran R, Martinez D Synapse 2008 Nov;62(11):851-69